The Song Dynasty(송나라)

The Song Dynasty ruled China from 960 to 1279 CE. It was a time of economic growth, scientific advancements, and cultural achievements, known as the "Golden Age" of China. During this period, the Song government established a centralized bureaucracy, developed a complex system of taxation, and implemented a sophisticated legal code. In addition, the dynasty saw the invention of moveable type, gunpowder, and the compass. Art, literature, and philosophy flourished under the Song, with famous poets and painters such as Su Shi and Fan Kuan. The dynasty faced challenges from neighboring states and nomadic groups, eventually succumbing to the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. Despite this, the Song Dynasty left a lasting legacy of innovation and cultural achievement.